Understanding the Different Types of DSC Pans and Their Applications

Comparing aluminum and platinum pans reveals key differences that affect daily lab work. Aluminum pans fit most standard DSC tests because they conduct heat well and are not expensive. They work for general polymers, pharmaceuticals, and many organic materials, with melting and crystallization analysis up to around 600°C. Platinum pans, on the other hand, serve special needs. When samples need testing at much higher temperatures, or when the sample or environment might corrode the pan, platinum stays stable and does not react. It lasts longer and keeps results clean, but each pan carries a high price tag. Labs that run special research or deal with reactive chemicals often keep platinum for those projects. For routine work or when cost per test matters, aluminum is the default. The table below gives a clear comparison in key aspects.

The type of pan impacts several details in thermal analysis. For example, aluminum pans have high thermal conductivity, so they quickly transfer energy, leading to sharp, clear transitions in the DSC curve. In contrast, heavier or thicker pans, such as platinum, may show broader peaks and changes in onset temperature. Sealed pans control the atmosphere around the sample. This helps when measuring volatile or moisture-sensitive samples, as it reduces loss. Pan mass, tightness, and contact with the reference pan all make small but important shifts in the heat flow signal. Some labs use special pans to limit the effect of oxidation so sensitive samples do not degrade. Reviewers at journals often want a test to show the pan choice, since it can affect final data. The table demonstrates the effects of common types on measured results.

Sealed DSC pans give extra control in thermal tests. This control is crucial when your sample is volatile or might react with oxygen or moisture in the air. I have used sealed pans to test flavors, hydrates, and pharmaceuticals that would otherwise lose mass and skew results. These pans keep the sample closed off, so even tiny losses are stopped. They also help with pressurized or sensitive samples by keeping the environment stable. For labs working with minimal materials—like drug development or forensic analysis—sealed pans save every milligram. Limitations include extra preparation time and the need to check for leaks. For most DSC models, sealed pans work with standard holders, so switching does not slow down routine testing. The table below lists the main strengths and considerations for sealed pans.

When you work with volatile samples, the main risk in DSC is losing mass before or during the measurement. This leads to false baseline changes and misleading enthalpy results. Sealed pans were designed to lock the sample in, so vapor or fumes do not escape. I often recommend these for testing food flavors, pharmaceutical intermediates, and any substance where water or solvent can leave the sample pan at low temperatures. If the test needs heating above the normal vaporization point, a sealed or crimped pan is required. Use a vented or pierced pan only if decomposition gases must escape safely. Always match the type of seal and material to your test goal; for example, gold-sealed pans can be bought for extra protection. The table lists recommendations by sample volatility for common test scenarios.